CENT is focused on a series of fundamental scientific questions addressing the knowledge gaps (KGs)
	
	 
 KG1: Slip Flow Enhancement in Single-Digit Nanopores (SDNs) is Unexpectedly Enormous 	
	 
 KG2: Fluid Phase Transitions in SDNs Deviate Significantly from Bulk Fluids 	
	 
 KG3: Phase-Separation under Confinement for Novel Separation Mechanisms 	
	
	 
 KG4: Defects Impose an Outsized Impact on SDN Transport 	
	 
 KG5: Correlated Transport of Ions can Result from Confinement in SDNs 	
	 
 KG6: SDNs can Exploit Nanoscale Solvation for New Separation Mechanisms 	
	 
 KG7: SDNs can Exploit Charge Exclusion to Significantly Enhance Selectivity 	
	All KGs
 
							
									Confinement effects on the solvation structure of solvated alkaline metal cations in a single-digit 1T-MoS2 nanochannel: A first-principles study								
								 Cheng Zhan et al. J. Chem. Phys. 2021  								
								 								
							 
							
									Diameter Dependence of Water Filling in Lithographically Segmented Isolated Carbon Nanotubes								
								 Samuel Faucher et al. ACS Nano, 2021  								
								 								
							 
							
									Selective filling of n-hexane in a tight nanopore								
								 Haoran Qu et al. Nature Communications, 2021  								
								 								
							 
							
									Confinement-Induced Enhancement of Parallel Dielectric Permittivity: Super Permittivity Under Extreme Confinement								
								 Mohammad H. Motevaselian et al. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2020  								
								 								
							 
							
									Photoabsorption Imaging at Nanometer Scales Using Secondary Electron Analysis								
								 Ze Zhang et al. Nano Lett. 2021  								
								 								
							 
							
									Intrapore energy barriers govern ion transport and selectivity of desalination membranes								
								 Xuechen Zhou et al. Sci. Adv. 2020  								
								 								
							 
							
									Nanopore-Based Power Generation from Salinity Gradient: Why It Is Not Viable								
								 Li Wang et al. ACS Nano, 2021  								
								 								
							 
							
									Prospects for sub-nanometer scale imaging of optical phenomena using electron microscopy								
								 Ze Zhang et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2021  								
								 								
							 
							
									Ion Adsorption at Solid/Water Interfaces: Establishing the Coupled Nature of Ion–Solid and Water–Solid Interactions								
								 Rahul Prasanna Misra et al. J. Phys. Chem. C, 2021  								
								 								
							 
							
									Uncovering a Universal Molecular Mechanism of Salt Ion Adsorption at Solid/Water Interfaces								
								 Rahul Prasanna Misra et al. Langmuir, 2021  								
								 								
							 
							
									Ion Solvation and Transport in Narrow Carbon Nanotubes: Effects of Polarizability, Cation−π Interaction, and Confinement								
								 Fikret Aydin et al. J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2021  								
								 								
							 
							
									Revisiting Sampson's theory for hydrodynamic transport in ultrathin nanopores								
								 Mohammad Heiranian et al. Phys. Rev. Research 2020  								
								 								
							 
							
									Universal Reduction in Dielectric Response of Confined Fluids								
								 Mohammad H. Motevaselian et al. ACS Nano 2020  								
								 								
							 
							
						 
							
									Imaging Arrangements of Discrete Ions at Liquid–Solid Interfaces								
								 Hao-Kun Li et al. Nano Lett. 2020  								
								 								
							 
							
						 
							
									Understanding Cation Selectivity in Carbon Nanopores with Hybrid First-Principles/Continuum Simulations: Implications for Water Desalination and Separation Technologies								
								 Cheng Zhan et al. ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 2020  								
								 								
							 
							
									Water-ion permselectivity of narrow-diameter carbon nanotubes								
								 Yuhao Li et al. Science Advances, 2020  								
								 								
							 
							
									Interfacial Layering in the Electric Double Layer of Ionic Liquids								
								 J. Pedro de Souza et al. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2020  								
								 								
							 
							
									Overcoming the sensitivity vs. throughput tradeoff in Coulter counters: A novel side counter design								
								 Daniel T. Bacheschi et al. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2020  								
								 								
							 
							
									Relating Selectivity and Separation Performance of Lamellar Two-Dimensional Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2) Membranes to Nanosheet Stacking Behavior								
								 X. Lu et al. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2020  								
								 								
							 
							
									Towards single-species selectivity of membranes with subnanometre pores								
								 R. Epsztein et al. Nature Nano, 2020  								
								 								
							 
							
						 
							
									Continuum Theory of Electrostatic Correlations at Charged Surfaces								
								 P. de Souza and M. Bazant, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2020  								
								 								
							 
							
									Strong Differential Monovalent Anion Selectivity in Narrow Diameter Carbon Nanotube Porins								
								 Z. Li et al. ACS Nano, 2020  								
								 								
							 
							
									Molecular polarizabilities as fingerprints of perturbations to water by ions and confinement								
								 V. Rozsa et al. J. Chem. Phys, 2020  								
								 								
							 
							
									Chemical Sensing and Chemoresponsive Pumping with Conical-Pore Polymeric Membranes								
								 S. Bush et al. Nanomaterials, 2020  								
								 								
							 
							
						 
							
									Charge Inversion and Calcium Gating in Mixtures of Ions in Nanopores								
								 K. Lit et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2020  								
								 								
							 
							
									Similarities and differences between potassium and ammonium ions in liquid water: a first-principles study								
								 A. Fikret et al. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys, 2020  								
								 								
							 
							
									Electrodiffusioosmosis-Induced Negative Differential Resistance in pH-Regulated Mesopores Containing Purely Monovalent Solutions								
								 C.-Y. Lin et al. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2020  								
								 								
							 
							
									Nanofluidic Transport Theory with Enhancement Factors Approaching One								
								 M. Heiranian and N. Aluru, ACS Nano, 2019  								
								 								
							 
							
									Strong Electroosmotic Coupling Dominates Ion Conductance of 1.5 nm Diameter Carbon Nanotube Porins								
								 Y.C. Yao et al. ACS Nano, 2019  								
								 								
							 
							
									Ab Initio Calculation of Equilibrium Isotopic Fractionations of Potassium and Rubidium in Minerals and Water								
								 H. Zeng, et al. ACS Earth Space Chem, 2019  								
								 								
							 
							
									Monte Carlo Simulations of Framework Defects in Layered Two-Dimensional Nanomaterial Desalination Membranes: Implications for Permeability and Selectivity								
								 C. L. Ritt et al. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2019  								
								 								
							 
							
						 
							
									Single-defect spectroscopy in the shortwave infrared								
								 Wu et al. Nature Communication, 2019  								
								 								
							 
							
									Self‐Sorting of 10‐µm‐Long Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Aqueous Solution								
								 Wang et al. Adv. Materials, 2019  								
								 								
							 
							
									Fluorescent Ultrashort Nanotubes from Defect-Induced Chemical Cutting								
								 Y. Li et al. Chem. Mater, 2019  								
								 								
							 
							
						 
							
									Modulation of Charge Density and Charge Polarity of Nanopore Wall by Salt Gradient and Voltage								
								 C. Lin et al. ACS Nano, 2019  								
								 								
							 
							
									Critical Knowledge Gaps in Mass Transport through Single-Digit Nanopores: A Review and Perspective								
								 S. Faucher et al. J. Phys. Chem C, 2019  								
								 								
							 
							
									Activation behavior for ion permeation in ion-exchange membranes: Role of ion dehydration in selective transport								
								 R. Epsztein et al. J. Membrane Science, 2019  								
								 								
							 
							
									Liquids with Lower Wettability Can Exhibit Higher Friction on Hexagonal Boron Nitride: The Intriguing Role of Solid−Liquid Electrostatic Interactions								
								 A. Govind Rajan et al. Nano Letters, 2019  								
								 								
							KG1
 
							
									Diameter Dependence of Water Filling in Lithographically Segmented Isolated Carbon Nanotubes								
								 Samuel Faucher et al. ACS Nano, 2021  								
								 								
							 
							
									Confinement-Induced Enhancement of Parallel Dielectric Permittivity: Super Permittivity Under Extreme Confinement								
								 Mohammad H. Motevaselian et al. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2020  								
								 								
							 
							
									Revisiting Sampson's theory for hydrodynamic transport in ultrathin nanopores								
								 Mohammad Heiranian et al. Phys. Rev. Research 2020  								
								 								
							 
							
									Universal Reduction in Dielectric Response of Confined Fluids								
								 Mohammad H. Motevaselian et al. ACS Nano 2020  								
								 								
							 
							
									Understanding Cation Selectivity in Carbon Nanopores with Hybrid First-Principles/Continuum Simulations: Implications for Water Desalination and Separation Technologies								
								 Cheng Zhan et al. ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 2020  								
								 								
							 
							
									Water-ion permselectivity of narrow-diameter carbon nanotubes								
								 Yuhao Li et al. Science Advances, 2020  								
								 								
							 
							
									Strong Differential Monovalent Anion Selectivity in Narrow Diameter Carbon Nanotube Porins								
								 Z. Li et al. ACS Nano, 2020  								
								 								
							 
							
									Nanofluidic Transport Theory with Enhancement Factors Approaching One								
								 M. Heiranian and N. Aluru, ACS Nano, 2019  								
								 								
							 
							
									Strong Electroosmotic Coupling Dominates Ion Conductance of 1.5 nm Diameter Carbon Nanotube Porins								
								 Y.C. Yao et al. ACS Nano, 2019  								
								 								
							 
							
									Critical Knowledge Gaps in Mass Transport through Single-Digit Nanopores: A Review and Perspective								
								 S. Faucher et al. J. Phys. Chem C, 2019  								
								 								
							 
							
									Liquids with Lower Wettability Can Exhibit Higher Friction on Hexagonal Boron Nitride: The Intriguing Role of Solid−Liquid Electrostatic Interactions								
								 A. Govind Rajan et al. Nano Letters, 2019  								
								 								
							KG2
 
							
									Diameter Dependence of Water Filling in Lithographically Segmented Isolated Carbon Nanotubes								
								 Samuel Faucher et al. ACS Nano, 2021  								
								 								
							 
							
									Molecular polarizabilities as fingerprints of perturbations to water by ions and confinement								
								 V. Rozsa et al. J. Chem. Phys, 2020  								
								 								
							 
							
									Critical Knowledge Gaps in Mass Transport through Single-Digit Nanopores: A Review and Perspective								
								 S. Faucher et al. J. Phys. Chem C, 2019  								
								 								
							KG3
KG4
 
							
									Photoabsorption Imaging at Nanometer Scales Using Secondary Electron Analysis								
								 Ze Zhang et al. Nano Lett. 2021  								
								 								
							 
							
									Prospects for sub-nanometer scale imaging of optical phenomena using electron microscopy								
								 Ze Zhang et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2021  								
								 								
							 
							
									Relating Selectivity and Separation Performance of Lamellar Two-Dimensional Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2) Membranes to Nanosheet Stacking Behavior								
								 X. Lu et al. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2020  								
								 								
							 
							
									Monte Carlo Simulations of Framework Defects in Layered Two-Dimensional Nanomaterial Desalination Membranes: Implications for Permeability and Selectivity								
								 C. L. Ritt et al. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2019  								
								 								
							 
							
									Single-defect spectroscopy in the shortwave infrared								
								 Wu et al. Nature Communication, 2019  								
								 								
							 
							
									Self‐Sorting of 10‐µm‐Long Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Aqueous Solution								
								 Wang et al. Adv. Materials, 2019  								
								 								
							KG5
 
							
									Confinement effects on the solvation structure of solvated alkaline metal cations in a single-digit 1T-MoS2 nanochannel: A first-principles study								
								 Cheng Zhan et al. J. Chem. Phys. 2021  								
								 								
							 
							
									Imaging Arrangements of Discrete Ions at Liquid–Solid Interfaces								
								 Hao-Kun Li et al. Nano Lett. 2020  								
								 								
							 
							
						 
							
									Interfacial Layering in the Electric Double Layer of Ionic Liquids								
								 J. Pedro de Souza et al. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2020  								
								 								
							 
							
									Overcoming the sensitivity vs. throughput tradeoff in Coulter counters: A novel side counter design								
								 Daniel T. Bacheschi et al. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2020  								
								 								
							 
							
						 
							
									Strong Differential Monovalent Anion Selectivity in Narrow Diameter Carbon Nanotube Porins								
								 Z. Li et al. ACS Nano, 2020  								
								 								
							 
							
									Molecular polarizabilities as fingerprints of perturbations to water by ions and confinement								
								 V. Rozsa et al. J. Chem. Phys, 2020  								
								 								
							 
							
									Charge Inversion and Calcium Gating in Mixtures of Ions in Nanopores								
								 K. Lit et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2020  								
								 								
							 
							
									Electrodiffusioosmosis-Induced Negative Differential Resistance in pH-Regulated Mesopores Containing Purely Monovalent Solutions								
								 C.-Y. Lin et al. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2020  								
								 								
							 
							
									Strong Electroosmotic Coupling Dominates Ion Conductance of 1.5 nm Diameter Carbon Nanotube Porins								
								 Y.C. Yao et al. ACS Nano, 2019  								
								 								
							 
							
									Ab Initio Calculation of Equilibrium Isotopic Fractionations of Potassium and Rubidium in Minerals and Water								
								 H. Zeng, et al. ACS Earth Space Chem, 2019  								
								 								
							 
							
						 
							
						 
							
									Modulation of Charge Density and Charge Polarity of Nanopore Wall by Salt Gradient and Voltage								
								 C. Lin et al. ACS Nano, 2019  								
								 								
							 
							
									Critical Knowledge Gaps in Mass Transport through Single-Digit Nanopores: A Review and Perspective								
								 S. Faucher et al. J. Phys. Chem C, 2019  								
								 								
							KG6
 
							
									Confinement effects on the solvation structure of solvated alkaline metal cations in a single-digit 1T-MoS2 nanochannel: A first-principles study								
								 Cheng Zhan et al. J. Chem. Phys. 2021  								
								 								
							 
							
									Intrapore energy barriers govern ion transport and selectivity of desalination membranes								
								 Xuechen Zhou et al. Sci. Adv. 2020  								
								 								
							 
							
									Nanopore-Based Power Generation from Salinity Gradient: Why It Is Not Viable								
								 Li Wang et al. ACS Nano, 2021  								
								 								
							 
							
									Ion Adsorption at Solid/Water Interfaces: Establishing the Coupled Nature of Ion–Solid and Water–Solid Interactions								
								 Rahul Prasanna Misra et al. J. Phys. Chem. C, 2021  								
								 								
							 
							
									Uncovering a Universal Molecular Mechanism of Salt Ion Adsorption at Solid/Water Interfaces								
								 Rahul Prasanna Misra et al. Langmuir, 2021  								
								 								
							 
							
									Ion Solvation and Transport in Narrow Carbon Nanotubes: Effects of Polarizability, Cation−π Interaction, and Confinement								
								 Fikret Aydin et al. J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2021  								
								 								
							 
							
						 
							
									Understanding Cation Selectivity in Carbon Nanopores with Hybrid First-Principles/Continuum Simulations: Implications for Water Desalination and Separation Technologies								
								 Cheng Zhan et al. ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 2020  								
								 								
							 
							
									Water-ion permselectivity of narrow-diameter carbon nanotubes								
								 Yuhao Li et al. Science Advances, 2020  								
								 								
							 
							
									Towards single-species selectivity of membranes with subnanometre pores								
								 R. Epsztein et al. Nature Nano, 2020  								
								 								
							 
							
									Continuum Theory of Electrostatic Correlations at Charged Surfaces								
								 P. de Souza and M. Bazant, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2020  								
								 								
							 
							
									Molecular polarizabilities as fingerprints of perturbations to water by ions and confinement								
								 V. Rozsa et al. J. Chem. Phys, 2020  								
								 								
							 
							
						 
							
									Similarities and differences between potassium and ammonium ions in liquid water: a first-principles study								
								 A. Fikret et al. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys, 2020  								
								 								
							 
							
									Ab Initio Calculation of Equilibrium Isotopic Fractionations of Potassium and Rubidium in Minerals and Water								
								 H. Zeng, et al. ACS Earth Space Chem, 2019  								
								 								
							 
							
						 
							
									Modulation of Charge Density and Charge Polarity of Nanopore Wall by Salt Gradient and Voltage								
								 C. Lin et al. ACS Nano, 2019  								
								 								
							 
							
									Critical Knowledge Gaps in Mass Transport through Single-Digit Nanopores: A Review and Perspective								
								 S. Faucher et al. J. Phys. Chem C, 2019  								
								 								
							 
							
									Activation behavior for ion permeation in ion-exchange membranes: Role of ion dehydration in selective transport								
								 R. Epsztein et al. J. Membrane Science, 2019  								
								 								
							KG7
 
							
									Selective filling of n-hexane in a tight nanopore								
								 Haoran Qu et al. Nature Communications, 2021  								
								 								
							 
							
									Intrapore energy barriers govern ion transport and selectivity of desalination membranes								
								 Xuechen Zhou et al. Sci. Adv. 2020  								
								 								
							 
							
									Nanopore-Based Power Generation from Salinity Gradient: Why It Is Not Viable								
								 Li Wang et al. ACS Nano, 2021  								
								 								
							 
							
									Uncovering a Universal Molecular Mechanism of Salt Ion Adsorption at Solid/Water Interfaces								
								 Rahul Prasanna Misra et al. Langmuir, 2021  								
								 								
							 
							
						 
							
									Understanding Cation Selectivity in Carbon Nanopores with Hybrid First-Principles/Continuum Simulations: Implications for Water Desalination and Separation Technologies								
								 Cheng Zhan et al. ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 2020  								
								 								
							 
							
									Water-ion permselectivity of narrow-diameter carbon nanotubes								
								 Yuhao Li et al. Science Advances, 2020  								
								 								
							 
							
									Overcoming the sensitivity vs. throughput tradeoff in Coulter counters: A novel side counter design								
								 Daniel T. Bacheschi et al. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2020  								
								 								
							 
							
									Towards single-species selectivity of membranes with subnanometre pores								
								 R. Epsztein et al. Nature Nano, 2020  								
								 								
							 
							
									Continuum Theory of Electrostatic Correlations at Charged Surfaces								
								 P. de Souza and M. Bazant, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2020  								
								 								
							 
							
									Chemical Sensing and Chemoresponsive Pumping with Conical-Pore Polymeric Membranes								
								 S. Bush et al. Nanomaterials, 2020  								
								 								
							 
							
						 
							
									Similarities and differences between potassium and ammonium ions in liquid water: a first-principles study								
								 A. Fikret et al. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys, 2020  								
								 								
							 
							
									Critical Knowledge Gaps in Mass Transport through Single-Digit Nanopores: A Review and Perspective								
								 S. Faucher et al. J. Phys. Chem C, 2019  								
								 								
							 
							
									Activation behavior for ion permeation in ion-exchange membranes: Role of ion dehydration in selective transport								
								 R. Epsztein et al. J. Membrane Science, 2019  								
								 								
							
